Description of Courses

NOTE:

1. All the courses are not offered every year. Prior to the beginning of the session, schedules is published stating the courses to be offered that year.
2. List of readings is provided by the concerned teachers at the commencement of the session.

1. Agricultural Land Laws

   A comparative study of the Land Laws under various legal systems with special reference to Pakistani and Islamic Land Laws. Emphasis will be laid on the following aspects.

• Ownership of Agricultural Land and its Islamic concept.
• Tenant and Landlord.
• Taxation and Ushr.
• Tribal Land Structure.
• Land Problems.
  Consolidation
  Alienation
  Agricultural Credit
  Land reforms with special reference to Japanese, middle Eastern, Chinese, Indian and Pakistani experience.
• Administrative Structure.

2. Comparative Jurisprudence

   Genesis:
   Origin of Law
   Christian (Comparative Study).
   Mosaic
   Islamic
   Growth:
   Historical
   Pre-Aristotle
   Aristotle---His Social and Legal Philosophy, Laws---Justice---Equity Post-Aristotle
   Philosophy Comparative Study.
   Different Schools of Thought.
   Modern Trends:
   Idealism in Philosophy, Place of International
   Law in Jurisprudence.
   Justice, Law and State, Reason and Necessity of Law.
   Law of Nature:
   As propounded by different school of thought Positive Law (Comparative Study).
   Functional:
   Legal Sources (Comparative Study)
   Legal Rights (//)
   Ownership and Possession (//)
   Person (Christian, Jewish,
   Hindu and Islamic Law) (//)
   Title: Agreements and Contracts(//)
   Legal Responsibility and Obligations (//)
   Procedure----Introduction to (//)

3. Commercial Law---Company Law

• Historical development and the practical advantage of incorporation.
• Formation of Companies and types. Conversion from one type to another.
• Capital structure. Shareholders control and company meetings. Directors Powers---Duties.
• Doctrine of Ultra Vires---rule in Fass v. Harbottle--- Doctrine of Indoor Management (rule in Royal Britain Bank v. Tarquand).
• Company Secretaries---Powers, rights and obligations.
• Official Liquidators---Thir appointment, powers, rights and obligations.
• Managing Agency---First amendment in the Companies Act, 1972.
• Merger, reconstruction and take-over--Protection of minority rights.
• Winding up---its types.
• Prospects of Development---Comparative study based in the text of Indian and Acts based on British Companies Act.
• Security Regulations---Monopoly control and other external checks in the corporate practice (appointment of inspectors etc.).

4. Constitutional Law I

• Definition and Scope of constitutional Law.
• General principles,: State and Government.
  (a) Separation of Powers and relationship between Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.
  (b) Federalism.
  (c) Presidential and Parliamentary System of Government.
  (d) Rule of Law and Independence of Judiciary.
  (e) Sovereignty of Parliament; and Supremacy of the Constitution.
  (f) Citizen and the State:
  
  (i) Rights of the Citizen.
  (ii) Safeguard available to the citizen against the violation of the Rights.
  (a) in the Legislature;
  (b) in the Executive' (c) in the Civil Service; and
  (d) in Local Government Institutions.
  
  (g) Conventions of the Constitution.

• Development of Constitutional Law.

  (a)

  (i) American Experience;
  (ii) British Experience; and
  (iii) Islamic Concepts and their influence on constitutional Law.
  
  (b) Colonial and Dominion Status.
  (c) Commonwealth of Nations.
  (d) League of Nations.
  (e) United Nations.

• Interpretation Constitution.

5. Constitutional Law II

Part I Constitution of Pakistan

1. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973.
2. Introduction of federal and parliamentary system with reference ot the constitutional enactments of 1956 and 1962.
3. Islamic provisions in the Constitutionals to be studied in detail.
4. Fundamental Rights and Principles of (State) Policy.

Part II Administrative Law

1. Administrative Law; its definition, development and scope.
2. Delegated legislations.
3. Natural Justice.
4. Methods of Judicial Control:
   (i) Habeas Corpus.
   (ii) Certiorari and Prohibition.
   (iii) Injunction.
   (iv) Declaratory Proceedings 
   (v) Mandamus

5. Administrative Justice:

                (i) Administrative Tribunals.
                (ii) Public inquiries.
                (iii) Parliamentary Commissioners for Administration.
                (iv) The Ombudsman and others.

6. Dorit administratif.

    

6. Criminal Law and Criminology

Part I

1. The origin and nature of crime.
2. Types of criminals.
3. Definitions and principles of criminal liability.
4. Explanation of criminal behavior